Not only has Fortnite been removed from iOS but Apple are in the process of revoking Epic Games as a developer; and this includes their Unreal Engine which h. That way of downloading Mac OS X updates and new apps was introduced with Snow Leopard and means that anyone with a Mac running Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard or earlier can't actually access the Mac.
If anything, Apple's success in getting the Apple II family of computers into elementary schools was a mixed blessing. The education market kept the Apple II line going, prevented DOS PCs from getting a foothold in most elementary schools, but it also kept schools from buying Apple Macs because they couldn't run all that Apple II software that schools already owned.
An Apple Computer Inside an Apple Computer
The ultimate solution was a brilliant one: Put the functionality of the Apple IIe on an expansion card for the Mac LC. The card even had a floppy drive controller and connector for use with a 5.25″ floppy drive to run all that old software.
The Mac LC was a runaway success when it was introduced in October 1990 – the first Mac to offer color for under $2,500. It was a nice compact, friendly design that made its way into many homes that Christmas, but schools were still wed to their Apple II gear.
In March 1991, Apple introduced the Apple IIe card to the education market. The $250 card fit into the LC PDS in the Mac LC and several of its successors. It emulated the Apple IIe almost perfectly, right down to the color artifacts you would sometimes see. It shipped with a cable, which is harder to find than the card itself nowadays, and software for the host computer on a 3.5″ disk that can be downloaded for free using a link at the end of this article.
The Apple IIe was the last model in the Apple II line to be discontinued when it was phased out in November 1993 after a run of 10 years and 10 months!
The Apple IIe card was discontinued in May 1995, 1-1/2 years after the Apple IIe and 4 years, 2 months after it had been introduced.
The IIe Card Takes Over
And that brings up an important point: When the IIe Card is running, you have no access to the Mac OS until you restart the computer or press Option, Escape, and the Apple/Splat/Command key simultaneously. The Mac is busy behind the scenes handling graphics and sound and other things the IIe Card needs to do its magic. (Control-Apple-Escape will open the IIe Option Panel.)
The IIe Card has a 65C02 CPU that normally runs at 1 MHz for compatibility with games and can also be switched to 1.9 MHz operation for other tasks. This is done in the IIe Option Panel.
The IIe Card has 256 KB of memory, half of which is used for an Apple IIe ROM image. The remainder can be used by the Apple IIe, and the card and access up to 1 MB of memory on its host computer.
Update
Michael Guidero shared this information on Facebook:
'That's what Apple's official docs say. Reality is somewhat different. 64K main RAM, 64K aux RAM, an apparent 64K second aux RAM (enabled by a bit on $C02B) that is used by the AppleTalk functionality and 64K ROM of which 16K = main ROM, 16K = Aux ROM 1, 16K = Aux ROM 2, and 16K used for slots.
'The 16K for slots includes ~2K for C100-C7FF, and 2K for each of the 7 slots's $C800-$CFFF space.
'It's actually quite easy to hack the card's firmware.'
Thanks, Michael!
Through clever programming, the emulated Apple IIe was able to use the Mac's mouse as if it were an Apple II mouse.
Apple IIe Card Operation
The IIe Card uses the Mac for graphics, and it defaults to a 560 x 384 resolution – twice the 280 x 192 of the Apple IIe – when displaying graphics on the Mac's display. In fact, Apple had the low cost, lower resolution Macintosh 12″ RGB Display available for the LC with 512 x 342 pixels that also supported this special resolution. The Color Classic, which normally runs at 512 x 384, also supports this special video mode, as does the Colour Classic II.
The only drawback of the Apple IIe Card is that it requires a Mac with an LC PDS running in 24-bit mode, so it cannot run with Mac OS 7.6 or later, nor can it be used in the Centris/Quadra 660av, which only operates in 32-bit mode. It is not compatible with PowerPC Macs either. The card is compatible with System 6 through 7.5.5.
The host computer must be operating in 24-bit mode when using the IIe Card.
Be Sure to Get the Y-cable!
There is one essential accessory that shipped with the Apple IIe Card, a Y-cable that allows you to connect floppy drives on one port, a joystick on the other. Without the Y-cable, you can't connect 5.25″ disk drives to the card. The only two floppy drives Apple recommends for the card are the UniDisk 3.5 and Apple 5.25 Drive. When present, the UniDisk 3.5 should be the first drive in the floppy drive chain.
Hard Drive Access
The IIe Card can access the 3.5″ floppy drive in the host computer, so it is usable without the Y-cable. It can also be assigned a ProDOS partition on the host computer's hard drive. The ProDOS partition must be created without the Apple IIe Card installed, and the card can only access a partition up to 32 MB in size, the largest size ProDOS supports. Be aware the HD SC Setup defaults to 10 MB and 20 MB partition sizes, but you can change that.
Be careful not to accidentally reformat your ProDOS partition.
The IIe Card supports three operating systems: Apple DOS 3.3, ProDOS, and Pascal.
This provided one way for schools to leverage a single 5.25″ floppy drive to copy software to a ProDOS partition and clone that to other computers. It almost eliminated the need for students to use 5.25″ disks unless copy protection was an issue.
Some Success Getting Macs in Schools
Hard Drive Access
The IIe Card can access the 3.5″ floppy drive in the host computer, so it is usable without the Y-cable. It can also be assigned a ProDOS partition on the host computer's hard drive. The ProDOS partition must be created without the Apple IIe Card installed, and the card can only access a partition up to 32 MB in size, the largest size ProDOS supports. Be aware the HD SC Setup defaults to 10 MB and 20 MB partition sizes, but you can change that.
Be careful not to accidentally reformat your ProDOS partition.
The IIe Card supports three operating systems: Apple DOS 3.3, ProDOS, and Pascal.
This provided one way for schools to leverage a single 5.25″ floppy drive to copy software to a ProDOS partition and clone that to other computers. It almost eliminated the need for students to use 5.25″ disks unless copy protection was an issue.
Some Success Getting Macs in Schools
The Mac LC and its successors made significant headway in elementary education thanks to the Apple IIe Card. At one point Apple reported that half of the LCs sold to school systems were sold with the card.
This helped slow down the migration to IBM compatibles that were becoming very popular in high school and trickling down into elementary schools.
Compatible Macs
All 68040-based Macs with an LC PDS can operate with 24-bit addressing enabled. PowerPC Macs cannot run in 24-bit mode and are thus not compatible with the Apple IIe Card.
Some Macs that support 24-bit addressing may not allow you to enable it if too much system memory is installed.
Thanks!
I am indebted to Vectronic's Apple World, which has much more thorough coverage of the Apple IIe Card than I am providing in this introductory article. If you want to know all about the IIe Card or have one and want to get it working, that is the place to go.
Further Reading
- Apple IIe Card, Wikipedia
- Apple IIe Card, Vectronic's Apple World
- Apple IIe Card for the Macintosh LC Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), Mainly Neat Stuff (via Internet Archive)
- Today in Apple History: Card Lets Users Run Apple II Softwre on Macs, Cult of Mac, 2017.03.01
- Apple IIe Card 2.2.1, Mac GUI, free. software download
keywords: #appleiiecard #appleiie
short link: https://goo.gl/1jAA3E
Related
Energy Efficiency and the User Experience
All apps consume energy—whenever they update the user interface, perform networking operations, write to disk, or run code on the CPU. As users rely increasingly on battery power—and as apps proliferate—energy efficiency becomes integral to the user experience.
A great user experience requires:
Great battery life. As energy efficiency goes down, so does battery life. Users want all-day battery life on their portable devices.
Awesome speed. OS X is designed to provide great performance during complex operations—and to make your app fly.
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Responsiveness. Too many resources being consumed at once can result in a laggy interface that's slow to respond to user input.
Cool, quiet system. As more apps use more resources, the system works harder and faster, and the physical temperature of a device gradually rises. When this occurs, the system takes steps to cool down to a more acceptable level. On devices with fans, those fans may become active and audible to the user.
OS X Energy-Saving Technologies
OS X employs advanced energy-saving technologies that help users get the most out of their Macs. These features help the system make smart decisions about how to utilize resources and run code as efficiently as possible.
Centralized Task Scheduling and Grand Central Dispatch
Intensive background operations, such as software updates or file backups, may be unavoidable. Centralized Task Scheduling (CTS) and Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) APIs let you designate criteria that indicate when and how often a task should be deferred, how long it can be deferred, and under what circumstances. The system then makes an intelligent decision about when to perform the task based on the specified criteria.
Quality of Service Levels
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Tasks that affect the user, such as downloading and playing music, take priority over background and discretionary work. Quality of service class APIs allow you to assign distinct priority levels to the work your app performs, giving you fine grained control over task prioritization.
Event-Based APIs and Services
Timers deliver events, or fire, at prescribed time intervals. If a timer fires when the system is idle, the CPU and numerous other systems are awakened from their low-power states. Yet many of these systems aren't always needed to perform the work invoked by the timer. If the work can be performed when the system hardware is already running, the additional cost is not incurred and the CPU can remain idle longer. OS X provides services and APIs that efficiently deliver events without unnecessarily waking the CPU.
App Nap
When your app isn't busy performing user-initiated work, the system may put your app in App Nap. App Nap conserves energy by regulating your app's CPU usage, I/O, and timers. As soon as the user resumes interacting with your app, OS X switches it back to full speed. Transitions are so seamless that the user thinks your app has been running at full speed all along. You can enhance App Nap by implementing notifications that tell your app when it becomes inactive, so it can immediately start reducing activity.
Battery Menu, Activity Monitor, and Developer Tools
The Battery Status menu and Activity Monitor let you quickly identify apps that are using significant amounts of energy in OS X. Xcode, Instruments, and numerous command-line tools help you identify and address energy problems as you develop your app, rather than after those problems are encountered by users.
Your Obligation as a Developer
Even small inefficiencies in apps add up across the system, significantly affecting battery life, performance, responsiveness, and temperature. As an app developer, you have an obligation to make sure your app runs as efficiently as possible. Use recommended APIs so the system can make smart decisions about how best to manage your app and the resources it uses. Whenever possible, avoid unnecessary updates to the user interface and I/O. Power-intensive operations should be under the user's control. If a user initiates a large iMovie render, Automator batch job, Compressor conversion, or Xcode compile, for example, the user should not be surprised if the activity consumes power. Strive to make your app absolutely idle when it is not responding to user input.
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By adhering to recommended guidelines, you can make big contributions to the overall energy efficiency of the platform and the satisfaction of your users.
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